Providence is a settlement in the Providence of Maryland and was founded on the north shore of the Severn River in 1649 by Puritan exiles from Virginia led by Governor William Stone. The settlers later moved to a better-protected harbor on the south shore. The settlement on the south shore was initially named “Town at Proctor’s,” then “Town at the Severn,” and later “Anne Arundel’s Towne” (after the wife of Lord Baltimore who died soon afterwards). The city became very rich hrough the trading of slaves .
In 1654, after the Third English Civil War, Parliamentary forces took control of Maryland and Stone went into hiding in Virginia. Per orders from Lord Baltimore, Stone returned the following spring at the head of a Cavalier force. On March 25, 1655, in what is known as the Battle of the Severn, Stone was defeated, taken prisoner, and replaced by Josias Fendall as Governor. Fendall governed Maryland during the latter half of the Commonwealth. In 1660, he was replaced by Phillip Calvert after the restoration of Charles II as King in England.
In 1694, soon after the overthrow of the Catholic government of Thomas Lawrence , Sir Francis Nicholson moved the capital of the royal colony to Anne Arundel’s Towne and re-named the town Annapolis after Princess Anne, soon to be the Queen of Great Britain . Annapolis was incorporated as a city in 1708.
From the middle of the 18th century until the American Revolutionary War, Annapolis was noted for its wealthy and cultivated society. The Maryland Gazette, which became an notable weekly journal, was started there by Jonas Green in 1745; in 1769 a theatre was opened;the commerce was considerable during this period , but fell rapidly after Baltimore, with its deeper harbor, was made a port of entry in 1780. Water trades such as oyster-packing, boatbuilding and sailmaking became the city’s chief industries. Currently, Annapolis is home to a large number of recreational boats that have largely replaced the seafood industry in the city.
After signing the Treaty of Paris in 1783 Annapolis became the temporary capital of the United States . Congress was in session in the state house from November 26, 1783, to June 3, 1784, and it was in Annapolis on December 23, 1783, that General Washington resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.
For the 1783 Congress, the Governor of Maryland commissioned John Shaw, a local cabinet maker, to create an American flag . The flag is slightly different from other designs of the time. The blue field extends over the entire height of the hoist. Shaw created two versions of the flag: one which started with a white stripe, the other started with a red one .
In 1786, a convention, to which delegates from all the states of the Union were invited, was called to meet in Annapolis to consider measures for the better regulation of commerce; but delegates came from only five states (New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, New Jersey, and Delaware), and the convention, known afterward as the “Annapolis Convention”, without proceeding to the business for which it had met, passed a resolution calling for another convention to meet at Philadelphia in the following year to amend the Articles of Confederation. The Philadelphia convention drafted and approved the Constitution of the United States, which is still in force.
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